Colonial period chung vialte kawlram cu British India vialte lak ah a rum bik a si, Eidin lei siseh cathiam sang lei zongah kawlram cu a rak tthawngtthal bik kan si, 1920 ahcun Rangon le Newyork hi vawlei cung mipem tam ah aa zuammi an rak si, i India cattial thiam Mira Kamdar le bang nih cun "Our First America" a rak ti phah. 1931 ahhin 7 percent of myanmar population hi Indian an rak si i 14 million hrawng an rak si, Tinbaw deuh in an rak ra nain Arakan ram i a rak phanmi tu cu Overland in a rami an si. Indian pawl kawlram an rak luh hi 20 century i vawlei cung mipem chungah a tambik an rak si. Plural sociey timi zong hi J.S Furnivall nih kawlram Indian mipem, kawlram an luh hnu in kawlram ah a hman hmasa mi word a si.
( P 18, Thant Myint U)
British uknak tang ah kenkip loin chuah luh khawhnak a tuah tik ah, India, Chinese le European tamtuk an lut, Investor lawngte an si tik ah kawlmi phun cu a tangbik dirhmun ah rak chiah an si. 1920 lio i kawlram police a rak ttuanmi George Orwell nih ttialmi cu, " fiangte in kan chim ko ahcun Britist nihhin kawlram cu a hrawhhral dih i kawlram ngeihmi vialte cu mi ta ah a ser dih bak ko" ti tiang a rak ttial. Hi lio ahhin Britist cu Europe an si caah European pawl cu a sang bik ah an i chia i a chang tu ah India, Chinese le a donghnak ah Kawlmi business a tuahmi, ramngei le civil servant deuh kha an si.
(P 20 Thant Myint U)
Mirang nih 1824 i Arakan a rak lak tik ah chaklei Rakhine ram cu mi an rak umtuk ti lo, cu tik ah Arakanese refugee kawl siangpahrang nih a rak tuk lio i Chittagong i a rak zammi kha an rak kir tthan. Zabu 19 donghlei le zabu 20 thok hrawngah hin Chittagong bangali holh ahmangmi muslim zong hi chaklei Arakan bordar hrawngah an rak phan ve. 1871 ahhin Arakan population ah Muslim hi 5 percent hrawng an si, Arrawaddy lei in a rami Buddhish pawl zong 1911 hrawngah thlanglei Rakhine an rak phan ve i, 15 percent hrawng an si ve. Cu tik ah Phun cawh le holh cawh le biaknak cawh in um nak a si.
Colonial periond chungah British nih zeitik hmanh ah Rohinya a ti bal hna lo, an mah chaklei Arakan muslim pawl nih an i auhnak a si. Rohang ti a si i, anmah nih Arakan an auhnak min kha a si, Arakan cu kan i semnak hmun a si ko an ti duhnak. Colonial pawl nih cun chittagonian timi le Arakan Muhomedan tiah an auh hna i, Aliens muslim le Arakan buddish neighbor muslim, siangpahrang uknak chan in a rak um cangmi tiah an tthen hna. (T-M-U-P 26-27)
World war I a rak chuah tik ah Gandhi le Indian National Congress nih an aupi mi home rule timi policy si cu British nih a dang Indian province bantuk in semi-elected parliment timi cu 1922 ah kawlram zong a vun pek ve, a si nain biachat tu tamdeuh cu hi nawl pek hnu zongah British tthiamtthiam an si ko. Cucu G Orwell nih "the mask of democracy" a rak ti phah.
British nih, kawl ram chung um natives miphun tthencheunak a tuah, martial race le non martial race in a tthen hna i kawlmi taktak cu non martial race a ti hna, kawl mino phun ttanh cheukhat nih kawl sunparnak laktthan ding le colonial uknak in luatnak kha ruah hram an thok i plural society timi khan chuahnak an ruat. Indian pawl cu kawlram chung a kenkip lo ah an um, burmese mino cheukhat caah Vawleithar tiah ruahmi Rangon kal cu ramdangmi vawlei i va kal bantuk khin an ruah, market place vialte cu Indian deuh nih rak uk a rak si. An ram cia ah ramdangmi an rak hluanh kha an celh lo. Indian mirum le chawletthal bankers pawl kha kawlte nih tax le loans an pek khawh ti hna lo tik ah kawl le Indian karlak ah buainak cu 1930 ah a chuak ciammam i minung 100 tiang an rak thi.
Cu ticun mino deuh Aung San te hna an vun chuak i Do Bama Asiayone timi bu an dirh, Parlimentary politics cu an rak hrial ngaingai i, communist party hi rak dirh hmasa mi a si, hlan lio i British ca i rak chiahmi min khan thakhin or master tiah an mah tein an i au cio i, nihin i national anthem, da do pye, dak do mye, doh paing kheh may, timi cu an rak sak i mirang doh hram cu an rak thok. Cu ticun kawlram nih India he tthen dingin an hal lengmang bantuk in 1937 ah India he tthen a si. British nih nawlngeihnak pipa taktak an ngeih dih ko bu ah semi-parliment in thimmi pawl kha nawlngeihnak cheukhat, a ttengnge deuh pek ve an si tik ah, miphun ttanhnak lungput cu a linsa chin thluahmah, a hlei in Islam biaknak Indian mipem 7 million nih an zulhmi cu Buddish biaknak caah ttihnung a si tiah pamphlet in ca an chuah, hi lio ah Rangon khuami hnarcheu cu Indian mipem an rak si. Cu tik ah 1938 ah India mipem chungin Muslim le kawlmi karlak ah buainak a chuak tthan. 1939 ah Parliment nih Budish women special marriage and succession act tiang an chuah.
Cuti cun kawlram cu nichuah lei in Japan nih 1942 ah a rak lak i British pawl zong cu India ah a rak dawi hna, hi lio ah ke in a kalmi India phanh manh lo in a thimi hi 10000 hrawng an rak si. Japan nih Thakhin pawl hruaimi Burma National Army zong cu training an rak pek hna. 1945 ah mirang nih kawlram cu an lak than nain tlawmpal te lawng an um i January 4, 1948 ah Independence lak a si i cuticun commonwealth in kan rak chuak. Thla tlawmpal a rauh hnu ah, kawlram cu ramchung ral a tho i communist, Mujahid le KNU hna an si. A si nain democracy phunphai cu kum kua hra cu a kal ve ko, 1962 March 2 ah Ralkap nih uknak a lak Revolutionary Council a ser, Burma Way to Socialism policy a vun hman i, Indian mipem 400000 leng cu an rak ah a dawi tthan hna. (T-M-UPa 29-30)
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